That Brazil who is the host Conference of the Parties on Climate Change He has many faces and faces various challenges that lead to controversial choices. That is the determination of the local community, its coming forward Belem from A fleet of Amazon nativesIt is Cup dos PovosThe alternative people’s summit to COP 30 is an extraordinary event 40 thousand people crossed the city ask for justice. But advertising on tropical forest background to make this a Forest Ranger. Brazil is the president, Luiz Inacio Lula da Silvawho put it out in the denier (“They control the algorithms, they sow hate, they sow fear”), but this is also the difficulty break away from fossil fuel production. Despite being one of the countries with the cleanest energy mix in the world, it is included in this country ninth global crude oil producer and this is the reality we must face when the lights of the Climate Change Conference go out. Who could oppose the country’s corporate investment plans Petrobrass? The chief can do it Raoni Metuktirethe main leader of indigenous peoples in Brazil, but for Lula, the president of a developing country who almost has 60 million people are in povertythat’s another story. “God it’s Brazilian!” he stated so in 2006, when faced with a discovery off the coast of Brazil pre-salt oil basin. The ‘treasure’ was at least 5 thousand meters deep, beneath a thick layer of salt formed over millions of years. Of course, that had happened nine years earlierParis Agreement. But when Lula returned to power, Petrobrass it is the company in the world that distributes the most dividends to its shareholders.
Exports, crosses and delights of Brazil
The discovery made Brazil a important player in the global energy marketalso because pre-salt oil is a type of high quality, light and airy crude oil low sulfur contentcharacteristics that facilitate purification. Therefore, although Brazil together with other countries is pushing for such efforts, they must put their commitments on paperout of fossil fuelsLula was accused of hypocrisy for allowing the premiere several weeks ago Petrobras exploration drilling from Amazon River. Its aim is primarily export, of which Brazil has always been a slave. It’s not just oil: sugar, coffee, soya bean (Read more). And each time local communities have to pay the price. Year of government Jair Bolsonaro they have tagged the country and the Amazon. He was in power from 2019 to the end of 2022 and, year after year, the amount of land taken from the rainforest grew larger. Until 2017, the area was still under 5 thousand square kilometers, with the minimum number reached in 2013 (more than a thousand). In 2018, 5 thousand square kilometers of forest were lostIn 2019 more than 6 thousand were lost, in 2020 it reached 8 thousand and in 2021 it will be more than 10 thousand. Return Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva scored a pass, but Brazil is still an emerging power: according toNational Institute of Statistics nearly 9 million people left conditions of poverty in 2023, which is still the case today there are 59 million inhabitants27.4% of the population.
That’s related to agribusiness
At the same time, according to 2024 annual report on deforestation produced by MapBiomeloss of native vegetation decreased by 32.4% compared to 2023but last year Brazil still did it lost an average of 3,403 hectares of forest daily, 142 hectares per hour. In fact, Grazing still accounts for more than 90% of all deforested areas in the Amazon Brazil. Last August, Brazilian authorities had to comply with requests (including China’s). terminate the moratorium which requires the company not to buy soya bean from deforested land in the Amazon and since 2006 has protected around 17 thousand square kilometers of forest. However, soybeans function as animal feed intensive agriculture. In Brazil, in China and even in Europe. As a solution for decarbonization Brazil is one of the most difficult sectors to mitigate biofuels. Among the world leaders in the production and use of biofuels, in particular sugarcane ethanol And biodieselBrazil was promoted, along with Italy, India And Japaninitiative ‘Belém’s commitment to sustainable fuels’ which aims to quadruple global production and use by 2035. Except crops intended for biofuel production currently occupy about 32 million hectares worldwide (removed from agriculture for food purposes) and meet only 4% of transport energy needs, thus producing more CO2 than fossil fuels, mainly due to the indirect impact of intensive agriculture And deforestation. In Police 29 in BakuBrazil has announced that it wants to reduce emissions by between 59% and 67% by 2035 (compared to 2005). But this year, on the recommendation of the Brazilian government, even executives of agri-food companies such as Brazilian meat giant JBS which, in 2023 alone, emits more than 240 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, as reported by BBC News in Brazil. The same credentials were received, incidentally, from the executives oil companies such as Petrobras and Exxon Mobil and mining, such as Samarco And It’s worth itresponsible company (along with BHP) from Mariana Tragedyin Minas Gerais, as well 2019 Brumadinho dam disaster (Watch video of the moment the dam collapsed.) Is It’s worth it is JbsThey then sponsored coverage by various media present at COP 30.
Renewable energy domestically, fossil fuels for export
“Even though Brazil can count on one of the cleanest energy mixes in the world – he explained Giulia Signorellidecarbonization researchers Think tank This is it – with 90% of electricity generation comes from renewable sources (mainly hydroelectric) and the rapid development of wind and solar power generation, the country is still a large producer – the ninth largest in the world – and exporter of fossil fuels.” In 2024, production will reach 3.358 million barrels per day1.29% lower than the 2023 record (3.4 million) originating from more than 75% of the pre-salt oil basin. More than half of its production is exported, mainly to Indonesia United States of America And China. In February 2025, Brazil joins OPEC+cartel of oil producing countries. Attracting criticism from all over the world. “This is of course a contradiction – he explained to ilfattoquotidiano.it Antonella Morihead of the Latin America ProgramInstitute for International Political Studies (Ispi) – however, on the other hand, Lula’s challenge is to provide a development perspective to millions of Brazilians. And, in a world that continues to need oil, it becomes complicated not to export it, thereby sacrificing economic resources.”
Petrobras plans and authorization to drill
Minister of the Environment himself, Marina Silvahe had to put his worries aside. He recently stated that “Brazil has the experience needed to safely explore its oil reserves while reducing emissions.” According to a bulletin fromBrazilian National Oil, Gas and Biofuels Agencyin July 2025 crude oil production will reach a a record high in history of 3.958 million barrels per dayan increase of 22.5% compared to July 2024. Nearly 90% of production comes from fields managed (including in consortium) by Petrobras (about 25% of which it owns exclusively). The state-owned company plans to invest $111 billion by 2029 to reach the current 4 million barrels of oil equivalent per day to about 5.2 million barrels by 2030. Most of this will come from pre-salt fields. Last October 20, Petrobras has received the green light by the Brazilian Environmental Institute for exploratory oil drilling in the basin Foz do Amazonas170 kilometers from Amapa Beach And 530 kilometers from the Amazon River deltain the so-called Equatorial Margin. A license that emerged after two years of fighting and its aftermathIbama had refused permission due to a lack of guarantees for fauna protection in the event of an oil spill. But history is written by political pressure, calls and changes to wildlife rescue plans. In short, Lula he decided it had to be like this.
Doubts about forest funds (which is uncomfortable for indigenous communities)
At Cop30 in Belém he was the traditional leader Raoni Metuktire93 years old one 2020 Nobel Peace Prize nominationsto reignite controversy over drilling and major infrastructure plans. “These projects destroy rivers and land and continue to grow,” the project head said Kayapo tribe. To condemn the exploitation of the Amazon river, and also the impact of the expansion of the agricultural sector on forests, one of them The fleet consists of about 200 boats paraded in the body of water in front of the city Belemmarking the opening of the summit of indigenous peoples and social movements which took place parallel to COP30, as a space for protest and discussion. More important than ever, it is also about the solutions presented by the Brazilian Government, which launched Forever Tropical Forest Facilities with funds (managed by the World Bank). But the first problem is how to scale up and invest 125 billion dollars from public, private and philanthropic sources and, an even more difficult mission, regaining control of a region rife with lawlessness. After paying back investors and donor countries, the remainder will be distributed to developing countries that have forests. Second Long flowercampaign manager Life sustainability to decolonize conservation, the key issue is represented by the fact that the fund “it will depend on the company’s own profits responsible for forest destruction. Furthermore – he underlined – only 20% of the funds will be distributed to indigenous communities”.
