That just ended on Belemin the Brazilit’s definitely there Conference of the Parties on Climate Change from concretization. This is not the case, of course with regard to the “transition away from fossil fuels”: it is impossible to unite 194 countries that, together, have never moved forward and will not do so in the coming decades. In Police30 many masks fell off, inside and outEurope. There is a reorganization of transversal alliances. Saudi Arabia, Russia and others Petro countrieswhich is now no longer hosting the COP, is clearly opposed to any real steps forward. Another 86 countries requested a roadmapi.e. a clear roadmap to get out of fossil fuels (not even mentioned in the final document), an initiative started from Brazil and then also supported byEuropean UnionHowever, a number of countries are reluctant to take a position (e.gItaly), others who first expose themselves and then turn around. After an increasingly tense climate, between tropical rain, demonstrations with thousands of people in the square, indigenous community protests that reached the negotiation rooms, fires between pavilions and expectations – very high – which gradually subsided, we arrived at the clash. Difficult and unavoidable. And other countries have taken action. They were the ones who wrote the letter to the president Police30 vetoed explicit reference to the road map, a proposal that brought together rich and developing countries, the main European countries, but here too, not Italy. AND 24 countries has signed the initiative Colombia And Dutch to organize the first ad hoc international conference on the transition from fossil fuels in Santa Marta, Colombia, ad April 2025. Multilateralism is the keyword of the COP, but what the contents of the COP are still to be determined.
Suspense until the last minute
The tension continued until the last minute. Works from plenary The document was suspended following an uprising by delegates from several countries who complained that the document had been approved without an agreement. With the summit concluded, the COP president, André Correa do Lagoreopened it, said he was tired and apologized for not understanding the objection raised Colombia and from other countries, incl Uruguay And Chileregarding the failure to include a clear goal of fossil fuel elimination in the conclusion text. Do Lago said he had consulted with lawyers, who said the agreed agreement could not be reopened to include stronger statements on fossil fuels. But Colombia is determined and has stated that it will consult its lawyers.
Progress in adaptation
COP30 is the first climate summit after the world recorded a full year of temperatures above 1.5°C. And perhaps this also impacted one of the few real outcomes. With regard to climate finance, in fact, rich countries have committed to double funding for adaptation as part of the New Climate Finance Goal (NCQG) decided at COP 29, from 300 billion dollars by 2035. Developing countries would prefer by 2030, the fact remains that about 120 billion dollars of the 300 billion goal is allocated to adaptation measures in the most vulnerable countries. At COP 30, 135 million dollars was promised to the Adaptation Fund. Meanwhile the Baku-Belem Roadmap sets out plans to increase global climate finance to at least $1.3 trillion per year by 2035 (a goal agreed in Baku). $300 million was then pledged to the Belém Health Action Plan to support the health sector’s adaptation to climate change.
There is no agreement yet on ending the use of fossil fuels, but progress has been made in terms of adaptation
It’s hard to say what the Brazilian president really meant, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvastated that at Cop30 “science wins, multilateralism wins”. For sure, ten years laterParis Agreement and two years after the last text Police 23 in Dubaiwhereas all countries committed to a gradual “transition away from fossil fuels”, at Cop30 held in the Amazon country, it was not even possible to mention fossil fuels in the final document, i.e. Mutirão Decision. The request of President Lula and other parties was not accepted 80 countries for a roadmap on fossils and deforestation however – in a controversial and contradictory choice – the direction traced in the final (and historic) 2023 document, which mentions fossil fuels for the first time, has been confirmed. It seems like a century ago. It seemed the others were blocking him brick countries (First Russia And India) and the Gulf countries. Friday, first cold shower. Because after the acceleration that the presidency apparently wanted to give to the Conference of the Parties on climate change, on the day that was supposed to close the COP, the latest version of the negotiating text instead arrived, including the draft agreement. Mutirão Decision. A text that displeases all the most ambitious countries because it does not mention such a roadmap. The situation has not changed much. Therefore, in the end, there is no roadmap for 194however at the COP it was agreed to launch a new process to accelerate the energy transition, such as Global Implementation Accelerator and it Belem Mission 1.5. But the first is avoluntary initiative under the guidance of the presidents of the next two Police (therefore requiring a two-year process) to discuss how to improveimplementation of NdcNationally Determined Contributions for mitigation and NAP, i.e. adaptation plans. Belém Mission 1.5, under the guidance of COP30 and the two subsequent COPs, will work to understand how to accelerate implementation, international cooperation and investment in national plans.
Pichetto and Meloni’s position (not relevant in the G20)
“The transition road map from fossil fuels is not part of the COP30 document because frankly half of the countries do not agree with it. We, based on its merits, then evaluated its contents, expressed our commitment to sit down and see the way forward,” said the Minister of the Environment, Gilberto Pichetto Fratintalking to journalists, repeating that, even insideEuropean Union There are countries “whose transition path from fossil fuels is easier” than Italy, because these countries can rely more on other sources “from renewable energy like Spain, to nuclear energy like FranceMeanwhile, G20 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Last year, the G20 in Brazil did not assist the COP in Baku, Azerbaijan, but the hope was a meeting between LulaPresident of the European Commission, Ursula von der LeyenFrench president Macron and the one in South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosacan help open dialogue with leaders of countries like Saudi Arabia And India. It didn’t happen like that at all. Words of the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyenthey’re certainly not copying more ambitious countries: “We’re not fighting fossil fuels, but rather the emissions that result from fossil fuels” he says, with the obvious intention of not upsetting anyone. AND Giorgia Meloni provides encouragement: “We must abandon a ideological dogmatism which causes more harm than good. In Europe, for example, the choices that have been made in the past have left entire production sectors in the lurch and have produced no real benefit to global emissions.”
